As soon as the Second World War ended, the Civil War with the communists (by then led by Mao Zedong) resumed. Roosevelt in the Cairo Conference to discuss terms for Japanese surrender. As the leader of a major Allied power, Chiang met with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and U.S. For eight years he led the war of resistance against a vastly superior enemy, mostly from the wartime capital Chongqing. Following the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937, he mobilized China for the Second Sino-Japanese War. Trying to avoid a war with Japan while hostilities with the CCP continued, he was kidnapped in the Xi'an Incident and obliged to form an Anti-Japanese United Front with the CCP. Midway through the Northern Expedition, the KMT–CCP alliance broke down and Chiang massacred communists inside the party, triggering a civil war with the CCP, which he eventually lost in 1949.Īs leader of the Republic of China in the Nanjing decade, Chiang sought to strike a difficult balance between modernizing China while also devoting resources to defending the nation against the CCP, warlords, and the impending Japanese threat.
Commander in chief of the National Revolutionary Army (from which he came to be known as Generalissimo), he led the Northern Expedition from 1926 to 1928, before defeating a coalition of warlords and nominally reunifying China under a new Nationalist government.
With help from the Soviets and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Chiang organized the military for Sun's Canton Nationalist Government and headed the Whampoa Military Academy. Himself as Director-General of the KuomintangĬhiang Ching-kuo (as Chairman of the Kuomintang)īaoding Military Academy, Tokyo Shinbu GakkoĪmerican British Chinese Dutch Command (ABCDCOM)Ĭhiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and romanized via Mandarin as Chiang Chieh-shih and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese Nationalist politician, revolutionary and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China from 1928 until 1949 in mainland China and then in Taiwan until his death in 1975.īorn in Chekiang (Zhejiang) Province, Chiang was a member of the Kuomintang (KMT) and a lieutenant of Sun Yat-sen in the revolution to overthrow the Beiyang government and reunify China. Position established (himself as Chairman of the Nationalist government) Position abolished (himself as President of the Republic of China)Ĭhairman of the Military Affairs Commission
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